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">0 0>(  r  S 8Hp    S #HF b H & @@``H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h) 0 um@ h(  hr h S 6H H  h S :H< H & @@`` h 6(@H  c1 Principle: Constitutions should set the rules of the game by tracing the fundamental rights and freedoms (substantive part) and the organization of the access to and the exercise of power (organizational part) V    X" h 0G=H5}IP  h 6RH%   |01s normative implication: Constitutional Assemblies should not replace ordinary political authorities (Courts, Congress, administrative Agencies) and should not be involved in administrative tasks and ordinary politics (e.g. designing public officials, assigning budget to public agencies, spending, etc)110 4B  h@ # 4B  h # :B  h 3 d h 6`TH B \2nd normative implication: Concerning fundamental rights and freedoms, Constitutional Assemblies should not enact specific clauses with the aim of entrenching a concrete and singular (contested) interpretation of the extent and limit of those rights * H h 0޽h ? hhh 3380___PPT10.l`h)q0 P pq(  p. p 6`HZ p2 Principle: Constitutional reforms should be, as much as possible, inclusive, participative, and deliberative. qpp   p 6kH  Z1st implication: Constitutional Assemblies shouldn t be set up during periods of ordinary electoral politics. The more distant from an ordinary electoral moment, the better. 4B p # 4B p #  :B  p 3   {  p 6qH2H 2nd normative implication: Constitutional Assemblies should have mechanisms that tend to guarantee a responsible deliberation between political parties (like special commissions, many rounds of debate, and the like), should be representative of the diverse interests and groups of society (electoral mechanisms are crucial here) and should try to reach a consensus between the different interests and groups (rules of decision-making) * 4B p@ # '4B p # '':B p 3 'H p 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h)0 wo` t(  tR t 6l3H<w 3 Principle (Contested): Constitutional reforms should abide to the formal process of amendment established by the precedent Constitution*p  t 6lH  U1 Alternative Theory: No, Constitutional Assemblies are sovereign, and should be considered the higher expression of popular will. Therefore, they may not abide to the precedent process of amendment established by the precedent constitution. * 4B t@ # 4B  t # :B  t 3 H t 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h)0 ldp|(  | | 6\H<Z (. | 6 H w  Venezuela (1999) 1 Referendum asking the citizenry the need of calling a Constitutional Assembly (not contemplated in the Constitution of 1961). February 2, 1999. Supreme Court validated the referendum. 25 April 1999: 47% of electoral participation. 2 Election of constitutional drafters (July 1999): 104 representatives elected in 24 plurinominal districts (Estados y Distrito Federal) 24 representatives corresponding to a national single district 3 representatives corresponding to indigenous communities Personal vote (opened list) Results: 122 representatives from the M. Quinta Repblica 6 representatives of opposition parties 3 representatives of indigenous communitiesb17 [v' $         \ H | 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h)$0 $(    6TH<Z (V  6H < H 3 Performance of the Assembly (installed in August 1999) Replacement of ordinary political authorities (intervention of the Judiciary, abolition of the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, suspension of Local Assemblies, intervention of municipal Councils, and suspension of local elections). 20 special commissions that treated 20 issues and areas (during September 1999). At the end of September, the commissions presented an integrated draft to the Constitutional Commission, with 800 articles. Within 2 weeks, the Constitutional Commission elaborated the final constitutional draft, and presented to the plenary the 18th October. 22 days of discussion at the plenary. 17 November 1999. Approval of the New Constitution by majority rule 4 Referendum (15 december 1999): 55% of electoral participation. 71 % consentedBI  DB   6 H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h)h 0 h(    6{H<Z (  6H w 4 Ecuador (2007) 1 Referendum asking the citizenry the need of calling a Constitutional Assembly (Constitution required a majority of Legislators consenting the referendum, but Correa didn t accept the restrictions imposed by Congress). Correa established unilaterally that parties should demonstrate 1% of supporters of the total electorate. 15 April 2007: 81,5% consented the call for a reform. 2 Election of constitutional drafters (30 September 2007): 130 representatives elected: 24 (in national district), 6 (emigrants), and 100 (in plurinominal districts) Personal vote (opened list) Results: 73 representatives from Acuerdo Pas (56%) 18 PSP (Partido Sociedad Patrotica) 8 PRIAN (Alvaro Noboa) b/s? +U U   M  &          H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h)b0 b(    6xH<Z (  6H c  . 3 Performance of the Assembly (installed in November 2007): Replacement of the ordinary political authorities (abolition and replacement of the Congress by a Legislative Commission). 6 months of debate. 4 Approval of the Constitutional (25 July 2008). By Majority vote 5 Referendum (28 September 2008): 77% electoral participation, 65% consented the constitution. LM!4@ :  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.l`h)" 0   " (    6tH<Z (T   6H   Bolivia (2006-2009) 1 Reform Act (6 March 2006) 2/3 of votes in both Chambers, as required by the Constitution. 2 Election of constitutional drafters (6 July 2006): 255 representatives elected: 210 in trinominal districts (70 districts): 2 corresponding to the first relative majority, and the other to the second party 45 in plurinominal districts (9 districts with 5 seats each one) Party lists Results: 137 representative MAS (53%) 60 PODEMOS (23,5%) 3 Performance of the Assembly (installed 6 august 2006) Assembly didn t replace ordinary political authorities Suspended its activities until October 26 2007, because the two parties couldn t reach an agreement on the decision rule (majority vote or 2/3). 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